Stuttering

There are many stuttering problems for people who stutter. People with an established stutter are aware of the negative effect of repetitions, prolongations, hesitations and blocks on their speech. Their stutter (stammer) may be accompanied by facial tics and uncontrolled body movements. Stuttering can lead to the avoidance of certain…

The causes of stuttering are unknown but neurological development, parental reaction, trauma and a predisposition to stuttering have all been suggested.

Stuttering in children and adult stuttering are both characterized by awareness of negative speech patterns. There is no anxiety associated with primary stuttering. People with a secondary stutter may show some psychological difficulties.